今天总结一下在安全运维中对于硬件信息收集过程会用到的linux命令。

演示环境：CentOS 7

1.CentOS常用命令查看 CPU

[root@localhost ~]# more /proc/cpuinfo | grep "model name"
model name  : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4210U CPU @ 1.70GHz
[root@localhost ~]# 

2.CentOS常用命令查看内存

[root@localhost ~]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:            976         678          70           3         227          82
Swap:          2047           4        2043
[root@localhost ~]#

3.CentOS常用命令查看cpu是32位还是64位​

[root@localhost ~]# getconf LONG_BIT
64
[root@localhost ~]#

4.使用CentOS常用命令查看当前linux的版本​

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) 
[root@localhost ~]#

5.使用CentOS常用命令查看内核版本​

[root@localhost ~]# uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Aug 22 21:09:27 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@localhost ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# 

6.使用CentOS常用命令查看硬盘和分区​​

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统                 容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root   17G  8.0G  9.1G   47% /
devtmpfs                 473M     0  473M    0% /dev
tmpfs                    489M     0  489M    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    489M  7.2M  482M    2% /run
tmpfs                    489M     0  489M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               1014M  161M  854M   16% /boot
tmpfs                     98M  4.0K   98M    1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                     98M   36K   98M    1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0                 4.3G  4.3G     0  100% /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64
[root@localhost ~]#

7.使用CentOS常用命令查看selinux情况​

[root@localhost ~]# sestatus 
SELinux status:                 enabled
SELinuxfs mount:                /sys/fs/selinux
SELinux root directory:         /etc/selinux
Loaded policy name:             targeted
Current mode:                   enforcing
Mode from config file:          enforcing
Policy MLS status:              enabled
Policy deny_unknown status:     allowed
Max kernel policy version:      28
[root@localhost ~]# 

8.查看IP地址

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig

9.使用CentOS常用命令查看所属时区和是否使用UTC时间

• CentOS 7查看方法：

[root@localhost ~]# timedatectl 
      Local time: 三 2018-10-03 17:17:22 UTC
  Universal time: 三 2018-10-03 17:17:22 UTC
        RTC time: 三 2018-10-03 17:17:22
       Time zone: Universal (UTC, +0000)
     NTP enabled: no
NTP synchronized: no
 RTC in local TZ: no
      DST active: n/a
[root@localhost ~]# date 
2018年 10月 03日 星期三 17:17:39 UTC
[root@localhost ~]# timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
[root@localhost ~]# timedatectl 
      Local time: 四 2018-10-04 01:18:46 CST
  Universal time: 三 2018-10-03 17:18:46 UTC
        RTC time: 三 2018-10-03 17:18:46
       Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
     NTP enabled: no
NTP synchronized: no
 RTC in local TZ: no
      DST active: n/a
[root@localhost ~]# date 
2018年 10月 04日 星期四 01:20:02 CST
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /etc/localtime 
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Universal /etc/localtime
[root@localhost ~]# timedatectl 
      Local time: 三 2018-10-03 17:22:44 UTC
  Universal time: 三 2018-10-03 17:22:44 UTC
        RTC time: 三 2018-10-03 17:22:43
       Time zone: Universal (UTC, +0000)
     NTP enabled: no
NTP synchronized: no
 RTC in local TZ: no
      DST active: n/a
[root@localhost ~]# date 
2018年 10月 03日 星期三 17:22:51 UTC
[root@localhost ~]# 

• CentOS 6查看方法：

# cat /etc/sysconfig/clock

10.使用CentOS常用命令查看主机名​

[root@localhost ~]# hostname
localhost.localdomain
[root@localhost ~]# 

11.使用CentOS常用命令查看开机运行时间

[root@localhost ~]# uptime 
 16:49:14 up  2:22,  2 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
[root@localhost ~]# 

12.查看主板信息

[root@localhost ~]# dmidecode | more
# dmidecode 3.0
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 2.7 present.
620 structures occupying 29060 bytes.
Table at 0x000E0010.

Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes
BIOS Information
    Vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD
    Version: 6.00
    Release Date: 05/19/2017
    Address: 0xEA520
    Runtime Size: 88800 bytes
    ROM Size: 64 kB
    Characteristics:
        ISA is supported
        PCI is supported
        PC Card (PCMCIA) is supported
        PNP is supported
        APM is supported
        BIOS is upgradeable
        BIOS shadowing is allowed
        ESCD support is available
        Boot from CD is supported
        Selectable boot is supported
        EDD is supported
        Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
        8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
        Serial services are supported (int 14h)
        Printer services are supported (int 17h)
        CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)
        ACPI is supported
        Smart battery is supported
        BIOS boot specification is supported
        Function key-initiated network boot is supported
        Targeted content distribution is supported
--More--

13.查看磁盘使用情况

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

磁盘 /dev/sda：21.5 GB, 21474836480 字节，41943040 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x000d1bd6

   设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200    41943039    19921920   8e  Linux LVM

磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-root：18.2 GB, 18249416704 字节，35643392 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节


磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-swap：2147 MB, 2147483648 字节，4194304 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节

[root@localhost ~]# 

参考文章：http://zone.secevery.com/article/995